Chemistry
Chemistry is where quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and statistical mechanics produce the periodic table, bond energies, reaction rates, and phase behavior. The discipline is a rich applied corollary of physics — and the cross-references make that explicit.
Units
14.01.01— Atomic structure and electron configurations shipped14.01.02— Periodic trends: ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic radius, and electronegativity shipped14.01.03— Many-electron atoms: Hartree-Fock self-consistent field and the Pauli exclusion principle shipped14.02.01— Lewis structures and VSEPR shipped14.02.02— Hybridization and valence bond theory shipped14.02.03— Molecular geometry and dipole moments: polarity and intermolecular forces shipped14.02.04— Valence bond theory: resonance structures and the limitations of Lewis models shipped14.03.01— Stoichiometry and gas laws shipped14.03.02— Solution stoichiometry: molarity, titration, and gravimetric analysis shipped14.03.03— Ideal and real gas laws: van der Waals equation and compressibility factor shipped14.04.01— Hydrogen atom quantum chemistry shipped14.04.02— Variational principle in quantum chemistry: the secular determinant and basis set expansion shipped14.04.03— Perturbation theory in chemistry: Stark effect and the helium atom first-order correction shipped14.04.04— Density functional theory basics: the Hohenberg-Kohn theorems and the Kohn-Sham equations shipped14.05.01— Molecular orbital theory: LCAO, bonding and antibonding orbitals, and the H2 molecule shipped14.05.02— Molecular orbital theory for homonuclear diatomics shipped14.05.03— MO theory of heteronuclear diatomics: CO, NO, HF and the Walsh correlation diagrams shipped14.05.04— Band theory of solids: the Bloch theorem, the tight-binding model, and conductors versus insulators shipped14.06.01— Chemical thermodynamics: free energies and equilibrium shipped14.06.02— Hess's law, standard enthalpies of formation, and Born-Haber cycles shipped14.06.03— Entropy in chemistry: the third law, standard entropy changes, and the Gibbs energy shipped14.06.04— Chemical equilibrium: Le Chatelier's principle and the equilibrium constant Kp versus Kc shipped14.07.01— Statistical Mechanics for Chemistry shipped14.07.02— Partition functions for chemical systems: rotational, vibrational, and electronic contributions shipped14.07.03— Statistical thermodynamics of ideal gases: entropy, heat capacity, and the Sackur-Tetrode equation shipped14.07.04— Activated complex theory: the Eyring equation and the Arrhenius prefactor shipped14.08.01— Chemical kinetics: rate laws and the Arrhenius equation shipped14.08.02— Integrated rate laws: first, second, and zeroth order reactions and half-lives shipped14.08.03— Reaction mechanisms: elementary steps, rate-determining step, and the steady-state approximation shipped14.08.04— Catalysis mechanisms: homogeneous, heterogeneous, and enzymatic Michaelis-Menten kinetics shipped14.09.01— Solutions and Phase Equilibria shipped14.09.02— Raoult's law and vapor pressure lowering: ideal solutions and Henry's law for gases shipped14.09.03— Colligative properties: boiling-point elevation, freezing-point depression, and osmotic pressure shipped14.09.04— Phase diagrams: single-component, binary, and the lever rule shipped14.10.01— Acid-base chemistry: Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis, and pKa shipped14.10.02— Buffer solutions: the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and buffer capacity shipped14.10.03— Acid-base titration curves: strong-strong, weak-strong, and polyprotic titrations shipped14.10.04— Solubility equilibria: Ksp, common-ion effect, and dissolution of sparingly soluble salts shipped14.11.01— Electrochemistry: the Nernst equation and electrochemical cells shipped14.11.02— Galvanic cells: half-cell potentials, cell diagrams, and standard reduction potentials shipped14.11.03— Electrolysis: Faraday's laws, overpotential, and electrodeposition shipped14.11.04— Batteries and fuel cells: lead-acid, lithium-ion, and hydrogen fuel cell thermodynamics shipped14.12.01— UV-Vis, IR, and NMR — fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy shipped14.12.02— Rotational spectroscopy: the rigid rotor, rotational constants, and microwave spectroscopy shipped14.12.03— Vibrational spectroscopy: harmonic oscillator selection rules, anharmonicity, and IR-active modes shipped14.12.04— Electronic spectroscopy: the Franck-Condon principle, chromophores, and UV-Vis transitions shipped14.12.05— Mass spectrometry: ionization methods, fragmentation patterns, and molecular mass determination shipped15.01.01— Structure of organic molecules — stereochemistry shipped15.01.02— Conformational analysis: Newman projections, cyclohexane chair flip, and axial versus equatorial shipped15.01.03— Stereoisomerism: enantiomers, diastereomers, meso compounds, and chiral resolution shipped15.01.04— Enantioselective synthesis: chiral auxiliaries, asymmetric catalysis, and ee measurement stub15.02.01— Functional groups and nomenclature shipped15.02.02— Alkane reactions: combustion, halogenation, and radical selectivity stub15.02.03— Alcohol and ether chemistry: synthesis, reactions, and protection strategies stub15.03.01— Acids and bases in organic chemistry shipped15.03.02— Enols, enolates, and keto-enol tautomerism: kinetic versus thermodynamic control stub15.04.01— Elimination reactions: E1 and E2 mechanisms, Zaitsev's rule, and stereochemistry stub15.04.02— SN1 vs SN2 substitution mechanisms shipped15.04.03— Stereochemistry of SN2 and E2: Walden inversion and the anti-periplanar requirement stub15.05.01— Electrophilic addition to alkenes shipped15.05.02— Electrophilic addition to alkynes: Markovnikov's rule and anti-Markovnikov hydroboration stub15.05.03— Diels-Alder reaction: [4+2] cycloaddition, endo/exo selectivity, and synthetic applications stub15.06.01— Aromatic chemistry — EAS, Huckel shipped15.06.02— Nucleophilic aromatic substitution: the SNAr mechanism and activation conditions stub15.06.03— Arene side-chain reactions: benzylic radicals and oxidation of alkylbenzenes stub15.06.04— Synthesis of substituted benzenes: directing effects and strategic functional group manipulation stub15.07.01— Carbonyl chemistry — nucleophilic addition shipped15.07.02— Nucleophilic addition-elimination at acyl carbons stub15.07.03— Enolate chemistry: alkylation, aldol condensation, and Claisen condensation stub15.07.04— Carbonyl condensation reactions: Knoevenagel, Michael addition, and Robinson annulation stub15.07.05— Oxidation and reduction of carbonyls stub15.07.06— The Baeyer-Villiger oxidation: Criegee intermediate, migratory aptitude, and lactone regiochemistry shipped15.08.01— Radical and Pericyclic Reactions shipped15.08.02— Sigmatropic rearrangements: Cope, Claisen, and [1,5]-H shifts stub15.08.03— Electrocyclic reactions: orbital symmetry rules and ring opening/closing stub15.09.01— Organometallic Methods in Synthesis shipped15.09.02— Palladium catalysis: Suzuki, Heck, Sonogashira, and Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling stub15.09.03— Olefin metathesis: Grubbs catalyst, ring-closing, and cross metathesis stub15.10.01— Retrosynthetic analysis shipped15.10.02— Multi-step synthesis design: protecting groups, convergent versus linear strategies stub15.10.03— Total synthesis case study: landmark syntheses and the logic of route selection stub15.11.01— NMR spectroscopy of organic molecules shipped15.11.02— 1H NMR: chemical shift, coupling constants, integration, and 2D NMR stub15.11.03— 13C NMR, DEPT, and the complete structure elucidation workflow stub15.12.01— Amino acids and protein chemistry shipped15.12.02— Peptide bond geometry: planarity, resonance, and the Ramachandran plot stub15.12.03— Protein folding: Anfinsen, Levinthal, and molecular chaperones draft15.13.01— Nucleic acid chemistry shipped15.13.02— RNA secondary structure and ribozymes shipped15.13.03— DNA topology: supercoiling, the Calugareanu-White theorem, and topoisomerases shipped15.14.01— Enzyme mechanism shipped15.14.02— Enzyme kinetics beyond Michaelis-Menten: inhibition, allosteric enzymes, and Hill coefficients stub15.15.01— Heterocyclic chemistry — rings containing N, O, S shipped15.15.02— Named heterocyclic ring synthesis — Paal–Knorr, Fischer, Skraup, Hantzsch shipped15.16.01— Natural products and organocatalysis shipped15.17.01— Polymer chemistry and photochemistry shipped16.01.01— Periodic trends quantified shipped16.01.02— Main-group chemistry: s- and p-block trends, inert-pair effect, and diagonal relationships stub16.01.03— Acid-base theories: Lewis acids, HSAB, and Drago-Wayland parameters stub16.01.04— Mendeleev's periodic table of 1869: prediction of eka-elements, the path to atomic-number ordering, and the modern table shipped16.02.01— Symmetry and group theory in chemistry shipped16.02.02— Character tables and reducible representations: vibrational modes and spectroscopy stub16.02.03— Projection operators and symmetry-adapted linear combinations (SALCs) stub16.02.04— Molecular symmetry and point groups: Schoenflies notation, character tables, and group theory in chemistry shipped16.03.01— Crystal field theory fundamentals shipped16.03.02— Crystal field splitting in octahedral complexes shipped16.03.03— Tetrahedral and square-planar crystal fields: Tanabe-Sugano diagrams and d-d transitions stub16.03.04— Jahn-Teller distortions: orbital degeneracy, distortion modes, and Cu(II) complexes stub16.04.01— Coordination chemistry shipped16.04.02— Crystal field stabilization energy and the spectrochemical series shipped16.04.03— Ligand field theory: molecular orbital treatment of octahedral complexes stub16.04.04— Stability of coordination complexes: thermodynamic and kinetic stability, the chelate effect stub16.04.05— Alfred Werner and the foundation of coordination chemistry: octahedral geometry, isomerism, and the 1893 coordination theory shipped16.05.01— Organometallic chemistry shipped16.05.02— Organometallic reaction types: oxidative addition, reductive elimination, insertion, and beta-hydride elimination stub16.05.03— Homogeneous catalysis: Wilkinson's catalyst and Ziegler-Natta polymerization stub16.05.04— Ferrocene and the sandwich compounds: metallocene discovery, the 18-electron rule, and Wilkinson-Fischer Nobel revolution shipped16.06.01— Bioinorganic chemistry shipped16.06.02— Oxygen transport and storage: hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cooperative binding stub16.06.03— Metalloenzyme active sites: nitrogenase, cytochrome P450, and zinc proteases stub16.06.04— Iron-sulfur clusters: [2Fe-2S], [4Fe-4S] cubanes, electron-transfer proteins, and the origins-of-life question shipped16.07.01— Solid-state chemistry shipped16.07.02— Crystal structures: close-packing, unit cells, and ionic radius ratios stub16.07.03— Defects in solids: point defects, line defects, and their role in conductivity stub16.07.04— Electronic properties of solids: insulators, semiconductors, conductors, and the band gap stub16.07.05— Perovskite solar cells: ABX3 lead-halide crystal chemistry, defect tolerance, and the photovoltaic revolution shipped16.07.06— The lithium-ion battery: Goodenough, Yoshino, intercalation chemistry, and the 2019 Nobel Prize shipped16.08.01— Main-group descriptive chemistry — s-block, p-block, and periodic structure shipped16.08.02— Noble gas compounds: xenon fluorides and the fall of the octet rule shipped16.08.03— Boron hydrides and Wade's rules: cluster chemistry, electron counting, and the polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory shipped16.09.01— Lanthanides and actinides — the f-block shipped16.09.02— Actinide chemistry and the nuclear fuel cycle shipped16.09.03— Lanthanide luminescence, f-f transitions, and the antenna effect shipped16.10.01— Catalysis — homogeneous, heterogeneous, and enzyme shipped16.10.02— Electrocatalysis and water splitting: the oxygen-evolution reaction, the hydrogen-evolution reaction, and the search for non-precious-metal catalysts shipped
Synthesis essays
Cross-cutting questions that don't fit one chapter — the bond as ontology, what reactivity is, why the periodic table works. Lighter than tiered units; not graded for mastery.
- Essay 1. The Chemical Bond — Many-Body Phenomenon vs Effective Two-Center Object — Why the Lewis bond and the molecular orbital aren't the same thing — and what either one is, ontologically.
Coverage roadmap
Three top-level sections: §14 general & physical chemistry (structure, bonding, thermo, kinetics, spectroscopy); §15 organic chemistry (mechanism, synthesis, biomolecule chemistry); §16 inorganic chemistry (coordination, organometallic, descriptive, solid-state foundations). See the chemistry plan for the full roadmap and unit-vs-essay decision criteria.